(PIERS) VITEBSKY, THE REINDEER PEOPLE — Scattered across... Mongolia... stand... stones dating from the Bronze Age... . They are carved with... reindeer... depicted with... neck outstretched and... legs flung out fore and aft, as if not merely galloping but leaping through the air.
The association between reindeer and flying is very ancient — much, much older than European or American ideas about Santa Claus. Scattered across the deserts and steppes of western Mongolia and stretching into the Altai Mountains in the west and up to the border of Manchuria in the east, stand ancient 'reindeer stones' dating from the Bronze Age some 3,000 years ago. These upright standing stones are set above graves or surrounded by the remains of fires and sacrificed sheep and horses. They are carved with various animals, but most often with reindeer. On the earlier stones the image of the reindeer is simple, but some 500 years later it has become more ornate. On these stones, the reindeer is depicted with its neck outstretched and its legs flung out fore and aft, as if not merely galloping but leaping through the air.
A. | In heraldry, shown with wings extended | VOLANT |
B. | Largely treeless northern nation | ICELAND |
C. | Moving display featuring small models (2 wds.) | TRAINSET |
D. | Unable to transcend the mundane | EARTHBOUND |
E. | Poinsettias have small ones | BLOOMS |
F. | Source of "glogg" and "smorgasbord" | SWEDISH |
G. | Unlikely person to excel at juggling | KLUTZ |
H. | Shaggy-dog story, e.g. | YARN |
I. | Ancient sort of roof construction | THATCHING |
J. | Topper for a cold bowlful (2 wds.) | HOTFUDGE |
K. | Suggestive of brownies | ELFIN |
L. | Shining example of one turning a flaw into an asset | RUDOLPH |
M. | Dancer's jump with rapidly crossing feet | ENTRECHAT |
N. | Labyrinth maker's ill-fated son | ICARUS |
O. | Costume for Ebenezer Scrooge | NIGHTGOWN |
P. | Put ornaments here and there | DECORATED |
Q. | Residue from a pillow fight, perhaps | EIDER |
R. | Go in search of greener pastures | EMIGRATE |
S. | Beams overhead | RAFTERS |
T. | Plaster used for lining chimneys | PARGET |
U. | Nod's locale, in the Bible (3 wds.) | EASTOFEDEN |
V. | Maids a-milking, in "The 12 Days of Christmas" | OCTET |
W. | Teachings on teaching | PEDAGOGY |
X. | High rank, exalted position | LOFTINESS |
Y. | Posited memory imprint | ENGRAM |